Optical amplification and stability of spiroquaterphenyl compounds and blends

T. Fuhrmann-Lieker; J. Lambrecht; N. Hoinka; M. Kiurski; A. Wiske; G. Hagelstein; N. Yurttagül; M. Abdel-Awwad; H. Wilke; F. Messow; H. Hillmer; J. Salbeck

doi:10.2971/jeos.2015.15007

Journal of the European Optical Society - Rapid publications, Vol 10 (2015)

Optical amplification and stability of spiroquaterphenyl compounds and blends

T. Fuhrmann-Lieker, J. Lambrecht, N. Hoinka, M. Kiurski, A. Wiske, G. Hagelstein, N. Yurttagül, M. Abdel-Awwad, H. Wilke, F. Messow, H. Hillmer, J. Salbeck

Abstract

In this contribution, we present a systematic investigation on a series of spiroquaterphenyl compounds optimised for solid state lasing in the near ultraviolet (UV). Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) thresholds in the order of 1 μJ/cm^2 are obtained in neat (undiluted) films and blends, with emission peaks at 390±1 nm for unsubstituted and meta-substituted quaterphenyls and 400±4 nm for para-ether substituted quaterphenyls. Mixing with a transparent matrix retains a low threshold, shifts the emission to lower wavelengths and allows a better access to modes having their intensity maximum deeper in the film. Chemical design and blending allow an independent tuning of optical and processing properties such as the glass transition.

Full Text: PDF

Citation Details

Cite this article

References

N. Johansson, J. Salbeck, J. Bauer, F. Weissörtel, P. Bröms, A. Andersson, and W. R. Salaneck, ”Solid-state amplified spontaneous emission in some spiro-type molecules: a new concept for the design of solid-state lasing materials,” Adv. Mater. 10, 1136–1141 (1998).

J. Salbeck, M. Schörner, and T. Fuhrmann, ”Optical amplification in spiro-type molecular glasses,” Thin Solid Films 417, 20–25 (2002).

T. Spehr, R. Pudzich, T. Fuhrmann, and J. Salbeck, ”Highly efficient light emitters based on the spiro concept,” Org. Electron. 4, 61–69 (2003).

D. Schneider, T. Rabe, T. Riedl, T. Dobbertin, O. Werner, M. Kröger, E. Becker, et al., ”Deep blue widely tunable organic solid-state laser based on a spirobifluorene derivative,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4693–4695 (2004).

D. Schneider, T. Rabe, T. Riedl, T. Dobbertin, M. Kröger, E. Becker, H.-H. Johannes, et al., ”An ultraviolet organic thin-film solidstate laser for biomarker applications,” Adv. Mater. 17, 31–34 (2005).

T. Spehr, A. Siebert, T. Fuhrmann-Lieker, J. Salbeck, T. Rabe, T. Riedl, H.-H. Johannes, et al., ”Organic solid-state laser based on spiro-terphenyl,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 1161103 (2005).

T. Riedl, T. Rabe, H.-H. Johannes, W. Kowalsky, J. Wang, T. Weimann, P. Hinze, et al., ”Tunable organic thin-film laser pumped by an inorganic violet laser diode,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 241116 (2006).

A. E. Vasdekis, G. Tsiminis, J. C. Ribierre, L. O’Faolain, T. F. Krauss, G. A. Turnbull, and I. D. W. Samuel, ”Diode pumped distributed Bragg reflector lasers based on a dye-to-polymer energy transfer blend,” Opt. Express 14, 9211–9216 (2006).

Y. Yang, G. A. Turnbull, and I. D. W. Samuel, ”Hybrid optoelectronics: a polymer laser pumped by a nitride light-emitting diode,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 163306 (2008).

N. Tessler, G. J. Denton, and R. H. Friend, ”Lasing from conjugatedpolymer microcavities,” Nature 382, 695–697 (1996).

H. Hillmer, ”Mikrolaser-Bauelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung,” DE10331586B4 (2003).

M. Berggren, A. Dodabalapur, and R. E. Slusher, ”Stimulated emission and lasing in dye-doped organic thin films with Forster transfer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 2230–2232 (1997).

D. Schneider, T. Rabe, T. Riedl, T. Dobbertin, M. Kröger, E. Becker, H.-H. Johannes, et al., ”Laser threshold reduction in an all-spiro guest-host-system,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 1659–1661 (2004).

N. Miyaura, and A. Suzuki, ”Palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions of organoboron compounds,” Chem. Rev. 95, 2457–2483 (1995).

G. E. Jellison, and F. A. Modine, ”Parametrization of the optical functions of amorphous materials at the interband region,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 371–373 (1996).

M. Abdel-Awwad, H. Luan, F. Messow, T. Kusserow, A. Wiske, A. Siebert, T. Fuhrmann-Lieker, et al, ”Optical amplification and photodegradation in films of spiro-quaterphenyl and its derivatives,” J. Lumin. 159, 47–54 (2015).

H. So, H. Watanabe, M. Yahiro, Y. Yang, Y. Oki, and C. Adachi, ”Highly photostable distributed feedback-polymer waveguide blue laser using spirobifluorene derivatives,” Opt. Mater. 33, 755–758 (2011).

B. Schartel, T. Dammerau, and M. Hennecke, ”Photo- and thermooxidative stability of aromatic spiro-linked bichromophoric cross-shaped molecules,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2, 4690–4696 (2000).

H. Kogelnik, and C. V. Shank, ”Stimulated emission in a periodic structure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 152–154 (1971).

K. P. Kretsch, C. Belton, S. Lipson, W. J. Blau, F. Z. Henari, H. Rost, S. Pfeiffer, et al., ”Amplified spontaneous emission and optical gain spectra from stilbenoid and phenylene vinylene derivative model compounds,” J. App. Phys. 86, 6155–6159 (1999).

H. Nakanotani, S. Akiyama, D. Ohnishi, M. Moriwake, M. Yahiro, T. Yoshihara, S. Tobita, et al., ”Extremely low-threshold amplified spontaneous emission of 9,9’ spirobifluorene derivatives and electroluminescence from field-effect transistor structure,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 17, 2328–2335 (2007).

T. Spehr, Fluoreszenz und Lasertätigkeit in dünnen amorphen Schichten von Spirobifluorenderivaten (PhD thesis, University of Kassel, 2008).

Y.-Z. Huang, Z. Pan, and R.-H. Wu, ”Analysis of the optical confinement factor in semiconductor lasers,” J. Appl. Phys. 79, 3827–3830 (1996).

T. G. Fox, ”Influence of diluent and copolymer composition on the glass temperature of a polymer system,” Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 1, 123–128 (1956).

A. Siebert, Synthese und Charakterisierung neuer symmetrischer und unsymmetrischer Spiro-p-oligophenyle (PhD thesis, University of Kassel, 2010).